Correct installation of PV modules – questions and answers
Using solar energy is one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly ways to generate electricity and heat. With a solar boiler or solar heating rod, households can make their energy supply more sustainable. But before you get started, there are a few important aspects to consider. In this article, we answer frequently asked questions about installing photovoltaic modules.
Is my roof or balcony suitable for PV modules?
A roof or balcony is suitable for photovoltaic modules if the following conditions are met:
- Statics: The roof or balcony parapet must be able to support the weight of the modules. Modern PV modules weigh around 15-20 kg per module.
- Shading: The area should be as free as possible from shadows from trees, neighboring buildings or chimneys. Even small amounts of shadow can significantly reduce the yield.
- Inclination: Ideally, the inclination for PV modules in Germany is between 30° and 40°. Flat roofs or balconies can be equipped with special brackets to align the modules at the optimal angle.
What is the orientation of my balcony?
The orientation of the balcony is crucial for the energy yield. In Germany, the following applies:
- South orientation: Optimal for maximum energy generation.
- East or west orientation: Also suitable as it captures sunlight in the morning or afternoon respectively. The yield is slightly lower but still economical.
- North orientation: Less suitable for PV modules as the energy yield is severely limited.
Check the sunlight throughout the day to estimate potential performance.
Is there space for the modules?
For a balcony power plant or roof modules you need a suitable area. A single module measures about 1.7 m² (1.7 mx 1.0 m). For a small household (two people) two modules are often enough. Make sure that the modules are not shaded by plants, railings or other obstacles.
How much power do I need for a 2-person household?
An average 2-person household consumes around 2,000-2,500 kWh of electricity per year. To operate a solar boiler or solar heating rod, you should plan on around 800 to 1,000 watts of installed photovoltaic power. This will already cover a large part of the hot water needs. Please note that the actual output depends on the amount of sunlight.
What kind of mounting devices are available?
There are various mounting options for balcony power plants and smaller solar systems:
- Balcony brackets: Special brackets that are mounted on the parapet.
- Flat roof stands: For flat roofs to align the modules at an optimal angle.
- Facade mounting: Attached directly to the house wall, ideal for vertical applications.
- Freestanding modules: Are installed on the ground and can be used in the garden, for example.
How long does a solar boiler or a balcony power plant last?
PV modules have a lifespan of 20 to 25 years. The output decreases slightly during this time, but after 20 years it is usually still over 80% of the original capacity. The solar boiler is designed for 10-15 years of operation. Balcony power plant inverters, if used, also last around 10 to 15 years.
What is the average cost if I hire installers to install the balcony power plant?
The installation of a balcony power plant or individual photovoltaic modules by specialists costs between 200 and 500 euros, depending on the effort and location. If special brackets or adjustments are necessary, the costs can be somewhat higher.
Conclusion
With a solar boiler or solar heating rod or a balcony power plant, even rented apartments can benefit from the solar trend. Check the suitability of your location, plan the required output and benefit from cost-effective solar energy. The environment and your wallet will thank you!
